1·Above (adverb) can indicate something written earlier in a book or other documents.
作为副词的 above 可指在书或文件前面写的东西。
2·Above (adverb) can indicate something written earlier in a book, article, or other document.
作为副词使用时，above可指在书或文件前面写的东西。
3·Once it's clear that "however" is just an introductory adverb, the sentence makes sense.
“However,” 在这里只是一个引导性的副词，这个句子就是有意义了。
4·The "modifier" (adverb or adjective in a sentence) is not required, usually.
通常不需要“修饰语”（句子中的副词和形容词）。
5·Both are an accurate representation of the adverb employed in the original text-not an adjective.
两种翻译都正确反映了原文此处所用的副词而非形容词。