1·The first is an automatic, metabolic system whose control is centered in the brain stem.
第一种是自发的新陈代谢系统，它的控制集中在脑干上。
2·The range through these states is mediated by the arousal system, a network of tracts converging from sensory systems to integrating centers in the brain stem.
这些状态的变化是以激发系统作为媒介完成的，而所谓激发系统，是指从各个感觉系统汇聚到位于脑干中整合中心的一个网络。
3·However, a device called a brain pacemaker implanted in the brain stem can send electrical impulses to specific parts of the brain, like a regular pacemaker does in the heart.
尽管如此，一种植入脑干被称为脑起搏器的装置能够像有规律的起搏器作用于心脏那样，将电脉冲送入大脑的具体部位。
4·According to a recent study, the brain stem is involved in very basic encoding of sound, and lots of exposure to music can help fine-tune this system, even in kids without particular musical gifts.
据一个近期的研究，脑干与很底层的声音编码有关，更多地暴露于音乐有助于调理这一系统，即便是对没有特殊音乐天赋的儿童也是如此。
5·Eminent neuroscientists once claimed that head size, spinal ganglia or brain stem structures were responsible for women's inability to think creatively, vote logically or practice medicine.
神经学专家曾声称头部大小、脊神经节或者是脑干结构导致女人无法具有创造力的思考、正常投票或者行医。